The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Motivation on Academic Performance: The Mediating Role of Student Engagement and the Moderating Role of Peer Support

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on academic performance while examining the influence of motivation on academic performance. The research further explores the mediating role of student engagement in the relationships between transformational leadership, motivation, and academic performance. Lastly, the study examines the moderating effect of peer support on these relationships, adding depth to the understanding of the interplay between these factors. The study employs a quantitative research design, rooted in a positivist philosophy. Data were collected from students across multiple educational institutions using a survey questionnaire. A sample size of 300 respondents was selected through a convenience sampling technique to facilitate efficient data collection. The analysis was conducted using SPSS. The findings reveal that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on academic performance. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into how leadership, motivation, engagement, and peer dynamics collectively shape academic outcomes. These findings have implications for educators and policymakers aiming to create more effective and supportive learning environments.